0

A 35-year-old woman experiences a fourth-degree obstetric injury involving the anal sphincter complex and subsequently develops fecal incontinence. Her symptoms persist more than 6 months after childbirth. Endoanal ultrasonography reveals a 120-degree distal internal and external sphincter anterior defect. She is taken to surgery for overlapping sphincteroplasty. What is associated with mobilization of the sphincter beyond 180 degrees?

There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.